Termination w.r.t. Q proof of /tmp/tmpQoTzin/LengthOfFiniteLists_nosorts_noand

Termination w.r.t. Q of the given QTRS could not be shown:

0 QTRS

↳1 DependencyPairsProof (⇔)

↳2 QDP

↳3 DependencyGraphProof (⇔)

↳4 AND

  ↳5 QDP

    ↳6 QDPOrderProof (⇔)

    ↳7 QDP

    ↳8 QDPOrderProof (⇔)

    ↳9 QDP

    ↳10 PisEmptyProof (⇔)

    ↳11 TRUE

  ↳12 QDP

    ↳13 QDPOrderProof (⇔)

    ↳14 QDP

    ↳15 QDPOrderProof (⇔)

    ↳16 QDP

    ↳17 PisEmptyProof (⇔)

    ↳18 TRUE

  ↳19 QDP

    ↳20 QDPOrderProof (⇔)

    ↳21 QDP

    ↳22 QDPOrderProof (⇔)

    ↳23 QDP

    ↳24 PisEmptyProof (⇔)

    ↳25 TRUE

  ↳26 QDP

    ↳27 QDPOrderProof (⇔)

    ↳28 QDP

    ↳29 QDPOrderProof (⇔)

    ↳30 QDP

    ↳31 PisEmptyProof (⇔)

    ↳32 TRUE

  ↳33 QDP

    ↳34 QDPOrderProof (⇔)

    ↳35 QDP

    ↳36 QDPOrderProof (⇔)

    ↳37 QDP

    ↳38 PisEmptyProof (⇔)

    ↳39 TRUE

  ↳40 QDP

    ↳41 QDPOrderProof (⇔)

    ↳42 QDP

    ↳43 QDPOrderProof (⇔)

    ↳44 QDP

(0) Obligation:

Q restricted rewrite system:
The TRS R consists of the following rules:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

Q is empty.

(1) DependencyPairsProof (EQUIVALENT transformation)

Using Dependency Pairs [AG00,LPAR04] we result in the following initial DP problem.

(2) Obligation:

Q DP problem:
The TRS P consists of the following rules:

ACTIVE(zeros) → MARK(cons(0, zeros))
ACTIVE(zeros) → CONS(0, zeros)
ACTIVE(U11(tt, L)) → MARK(U12(tt, L))
ACTIVE(U11(tt, L)) → U12¹(tt, L)
ACTIVE(U12(tt, L)) → MARK(s(length(L)))
ACTIVE(U12(tt, L)) → S(length(L))
ACTIVE(U12(tt, L)) → LENGTH(L)
ACTIVE(length(nil)) → MARK(0)
ACTIVE(length(cons(N, L))) → MARK(U11(tt, L))
ACTIVE(length(cons(N, L))) → U11¹(tt, L)
MARK(zeros) → ACTIVE(zeros)
MARK(cons(X1, X2)) → ACTIVE(cons(mark(X1), X2))
MARK(cons(X1, X2)) → CONS(mark(X1), X2)
MARK(cons(X1, X2)) → MARK(X1)
MARK(0) → ACTIVE(0)
MARK(U11(X1, X2)) → ACTIVE(U11(mark(X1), X2))
MARK(U11(X1, X2)) → U11¹(mark(X1), X2)
MARK(U11(X1, X2)) → MARK(X1)
MARK(tt) → ACTIVE(tt)
MARK(U12(X1, X2)) → ACTIVE(U12(mark(X1), X2))
MARK(U12(X1, X2)) → U12¹(mark(X1), X2)
MARK(U12(X1, X2)) → MARK(X1)
MARK(s(X)) → ACTIVE(s(mark(X)))
MARK(s(X)) → S(mark(X))
MARK(s(X)) → MARK(X)
MARK(length(X)) → ACTIVE(length(mark(X)))
MARK(length(X)) → LENGTH(mark(X))
MARK(length(X)) → MARK(X)
MARK(nil) → ACTIVE(nil)
CONS(mark(X1), X2) → CONS(X1, X2)
CONS(X1, mark(X2)) → CONS(X1, X2)
CONS(active(X1), X2) → CONS(X1, X2)
CONS(X1, active(X2)) → CONS(X1, X2)
U11¹(mark(X1), X2) → U11¹(X1, X2)
U11¹(X1, mark(X2)) → U11¹(X1, X2)
U11¹(active(X1), X2) → U11¹(X1, X2)
U11¹(X1, active(X2)) → U11¹(X1, X2)
U12¹(mark(X1), X2) → U12¹(X1, X2)
U12¹(X1, mark(X2)) → U12¹(X1, X2)
U12¹(active(X1), X2) → U12¹(X1, X2)
U12¹(X1, active(X2)) → U12¹(X1, X2)
S(mark(X)) → S(X)
S(active(X)) → S(X)
LENGTH(mark(X)) → LENGTH(X)
LENGTH(active(X)) → LENGTH(X)

The TRS R consists of the following rules:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

Q is empty.
We have to consider all minimal (P,Q,R)-chains.

(3) DependencyGraphProof (EQUIVALENT transformation)

The approximation of the Dependency Graph [LPAR04,FROCOS05,EDGSTAR] contains 6 SCCs with 14 less nodes.

(4) Complex Obligation (AND)

(5) Obligation:

Q DP problem:
The TRS P consists of the following rules:

LENGTH(active(X)) → LENGTH(X)
LENGTH(mark(X)) → LENGTH(X)

The TRS R consists of the following rules:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

Q is empty.
We have to consider all minimal (P,Q,R)-chains.

(6) QDPOrderProof (EQUIVALENT transformation)

We use the reduction pair processor [LPAR04].

The following pairs can be oriented strictly and are deleted.

LENGTH(mark(X)) → LENGTH(X)

The remaining pairs can at least be oriented weakly.
Used ordering: Combined order from the following AFS and order.
LENGTH(x1) = LENGTH(x1)
active(x1) = x1
mark(x1) = mark(x1)
zeros = zeros
cons(x1, x2) = cons
0 = 0
U11(x1, x2) = U11
tt = tt
U12(x1, x2) = U12
s(x1) = s
length(x1) = length(x1)
nil = nil

Lexicographic path order with status [LPO].
Quasi-Precedence:

LENGTH₁ > [mark₁, length₁]
zeros > [cons, U11] > tt > U12 > s > [mark₁, length₁]
zeros > 0 > [mark₁, length₁]
nil > 0 > [mark₁, length₁]

Status:

LENGTH₁: [1]
mark₁: [1]
zeros: []
cons: []
0: []
U11: []
tt: []
U12: []
s: []
length₁: [1]
nil: []

The following usable rules [FROCOS05] were oriented:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

(7) Obligation:

Q DP problem:
The TRS P consists of the following rules:

LENGTH(active(X)) → LENGTH(X)

The TRS R consists of the following rules:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

Q is empty.
We have to consider all minimal (P,Q,R)-chains.

(8) QDPOrderProof (EQUIVALENT transformation)

We use the reduction pair processor [LPAR04].

The following pairs can be oriented strictly and are deleted.

LENGTH(active(X)) → LENGTH(X)

The remaining pairs can at least be oriented weakly.
Used ordering: Combined order from the following AFS and order.
LENGTH(x1) = LENGTH(x1)
active(x1) = active(x1)
zeros = zeros
mark(x1) = mark(x1)
cons(x1, x2) = cons
0 = 0
U11(x1, x2) = U11
tt = tt
U12(x1, x2) = U12
s(x1) = s
length(x1) = length
nil = nil

Lexicographic path order with status [LPO].
Quasi-Precedence:

[zeros, cons, U11, tt, U12, s, length] > [LENGTH₁, active₁, mark₁, 0]
nil > [LENGTH₁, active₁, mark₁, 0]

Status:

LENGTH₁: [1]
active₁: [1]
zeros: []
mark₁: [1]
cons: []
0: []
U11: []
tt: []
U12: []
s: []
length: []
nil: []

The following usable rules [FROCOS05] were oriented:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

(9) Obligation:

Q DP problem:
P is empty.
The TRS R consists of the following rules:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

Q is empty.
We have to consider all minimal (P,Q,R)-chains.

(10) PisEmptyProof (EQUIVALENT transformation)

The TRS P is empty. Hence, there is no (P,Q,R) chain.

(11) TRUE

(12) Obligation:

Q DP problem:
The TRS P consists of the following rules:

S(active(X)) → S(X)
S(mark(X)) → S(X)

The TRS R consists of the following rules:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

Q is empty.
We have to consider all minimal (P,Q,R)-chains.

(13) QDPOrderProof (EQUIVALENT transformation)

We use the reduction pair processor [LPAR04].

The following pairs can be oriented strictly and are deleted.

S(mark(X)) → S(X)

The remaining pairs can at least be oriented weakly.
Used ordering: Combined order from the following AFS and order.
S(x1) = S(x1)
active(x1) = x1
mark(x1) = mark(x1)
zeros = zeros
cons(x1, x2) = cons
0 = 0
U11(x1, x2) = U11
tt = tt
U12(x1, x2) = U12
s(x1) = s
length(x1) = length(x1)
nil = nil

Lexicographic path order with status [LPO].
Quasi-Precedence:

S₁ > [mark₁, length₁]
zeros > [cons, U11] > tt > U12 > s > [mark₁, length₁]
zeros > 0 > [mark₁, length₁]
nil > 0 > [mark₁, length₁]

Status:

S₁: [1]
mark₁: [1]
zeros: []
cons: []
0: []
U11: []
tt: []
U12: []
s: []
length₁: [1]
nil: []

The following usable rules [FROCOS05] were oriented:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

(14) Obligation:

Q DP problem:
The TRS P consists of the following rules:

S(active(X)) → S(X)

The TRS R consists of the following rules:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

Q is empty.
We have to consider all minimal (P,Q,R)-chains.

(15) QDPOrderProof (EQUIVALENT transformation)

We use the reduction pair processor [LPAR04].

The following pairs can be oriented strictly and are deleted.

S(active(X)) → S(X)

The remaining pairs can at least be oriented weakly.
Used ordering: Combined order from the following AFS and order.
S(x1) = S(x1)
active(x1) = active(x1)
zeros = zeros
mark(x1) = mark(x1)
cons(x1, x2) = cons
0 = 0
U11(x1, x2) = U11
tt = tt
U12(x1, x2) = U12
s(x1) = s
length(x1) = length
nil = nil

Lexicographic path order with status [LPO].
Quasi-Precedence:

[zeros, cons, U11, tt, U12, s, length] > [S₁, active₁, mark₁, 0]
nil > [S₁, active₁, mark₁, 0]

Status:

S₁: [1]
active₁: [1]
zeros: []
mark₁: [1]
cons: []
0: []
U11: []
tt: []
U12: []
s: []
length: []
nil: []

The following usable rules [FROCOS05] were oriented:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

(16) Obligation:

Q DP problem:
P is empty.
The TRS R consists of the following rules:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

Q is empty.
We have to consider all minimal (P,Q,R)-chains.

(17) PisEmptyProof (EQUIVALENT transformation)

The TRS P is empty. Hence, there is no (P,Q,R) chain.

(18) TRUE

(19) Obligation:

Q DP problem:
The TRS P consists of the following rules:

U12¹(X1, mark(X2)) → U12¹(X1, X2)
U12¹(mark(X1), X2) → U12¹(X1, X2)
U12¹(active(X1), X2) → U12¹(X1, X2)
U12¹(X1, active(X2)) → U12¹(X1, X2)

The TRS R consists of the following rules:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

Q is empty.
We have to consider all minimal (P,Q,R)-chains.

(20) QDPOrderProof (EQUIVALENT transformation)

We use the reduction pair processor [LPAR04].

The following pairs can be oriented strictly and are deleted.

U12¹(mark(X1), X2) → U12¹(X1, X2)
U12¹(active(X1), X2) → U12¹(X1, X2)

The remaining pairs can at least be oriented weakly.
Used ordering: Combined order from the following AFS and order.
U12¹(x1, x2) = U12¹(x1)
mark(x1) = mark(x1)
active(x1) = active(x1)
zeros = zeros
cons(x1, x2) = cons
0 = 0
U11(x1, x2) = U11
tt = tt
U12(x1, x2) = U12
s(x1) = s
length(x1) = length
nil = nil

Lexicographic path order with status [LPO].
Quasi-Precedence:

U12^1₁ > [U11, tt, U12, s]
zeros > [mark₁, active₁] > cons > [U11, tt, U12, s]
zeros > [mark₁, active₁] > [0, length] > [U11, tt, U12, s]
nil > [mark₁, active₁] > cons > [U11, tt, U12, s]
nil > [mark₁, active₁] > [0, length] > [U11, tt, U12, s]

Status:

U12^1₁: [1]
mark₁: [1]
active₁: [1]
zeros: []
cons: []
0: []
U11: []
tt: []
U12: []
s: []
length: []
nil: []

The following usable rules [FROCOS05] were oriented:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

(21) Obligation:

Q DP problem:
The TRS P consists of the following rules:

U12¹(X1, mark(X2)) → U12¹(X1, X2)
U12¹(X1, active(X2)) → U12¹(X1, X2)

The TRS R consists of the following rules:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

Q is empty.
We have to consider all minimal (P,Q,R)-chains.

(22) QDPOrderProof (EQUIVALENT transformation)

We use the reduction pair processor [LPAR04].

The following pairs can be oriented strictly and are deleted.

U12¹(X1, mark(X2)) → U12¹(X1, X2)
U12¹(X1, active(X2)) → U12¹(X1, X2)

The remaining pairs can at least be oriented weakly.
Used ordering: Combined order from the following AFS and order.
U12¹(x1, x2) = U12¹(x2)
mark(x1) = mark(x1)
active(x1) = active(x1)
zeros = zeros
cons(x1, x2) = x2
0 = 0
U11(x1, x2) = U11
tt = tt
U12(x1, x2) = U12
s(x1) = s
length(x1) = length
nil = nil

Lexicographic path order with status [LPO].
Quasi-Precedence:

zeros > [mark₁, active₁, s] > 0
tt > length > [U11, U12] > [mark₁, active₁, s] > 0
nil > [mark₁, active₁, s] > 0

Status:

U12^1₁: [1]
mark₁: [1]
active₁: [1]
zeros: []
0: []
U11: []
tt: []
U12: []
s: []
length: []
nil: []

The following usable rules [FROCOS05] were oriented:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

(23) Obligation:

Q DP problem:
P is empty.
The TRS R consists of the following rules:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

Q is empty.
We have to consider all minimal (P,Q,R)-chains.

(24) PisEmptyProof (EQUIVALENT transformation)

The TRS P is empty. Hence, there is no (P,Q,R) chain.

(25) TRUE

(26) Obligation:

Q DP problem:
The TRS P consists of the following rules:

U11¹(X1, mark(X2)) → U11¹(X1, X2)
U11¹(mark(X1), X2) → U11¹(X1, X2)
U11¹(active(X1), X2) → U11¹(X1, X2)
U11¹(X1, active(X2)) → U11¹(X1, X2)

The TRS R consists of the following rules:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

Q is empty.
We have to consider all minimal (P,Q,R)-chains.

(27) QDPOrderProof (EQUIVALENT transformation)

We use the reduction pair processor [LPAR04].

The following pairs can be oriented strictly and are deleted.

U11¹(mark(X1), X2) → U11¹(X1, X2)
U11¹(active(X1), X2) → U11¹(X1, X2)

The remaining pairs can at least be oriented weakly.
Used ordering: Combined order from the following AFS and order.
U11¹(x1, x2) = U11¹(x1)
mark(x1) = mark(x1)
active(x1) = active(x1)
zeros = zeros
cons(x1, x2) = cons
0 = 0
U11(x1, x2) = U11
tt = tt
U12(x1, x2) = U12
s(x1) = s
length(x1) = length
nil = nil

Lexicographic path order with status [LPO].
Quasi-Precedence:

U11^1₁ > [U11, tt, U12, s]
zeros > [mark₁, active₁] > cons > [U11, tt, U12, s]
zeros > [mark₁, active₁] > [0, length] > [U11, tt, U12, s]
nil > [mark₁, active₁] > cons > [U11, tt, U12, s]
nil > [mark₁, active₁] > [0, length] > [U11, tt, U12, s]

Status:

U11^1₁: [1]
mark₁: [1]
active₁: [1]
zeros: []
cons: []
0: []
U11: []
tt: []
U12: []
s: []
length: []
nil: []

The following usable rules [FROCOS05] were oriented:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

(28) Obligation:

Q DP problem:
The TRS P consists of the following rules:

U11¹(X1, mark(X2)) → U11¹(X1, X2)
U11¹(X1, active(X2)) → U11¹(X1, X2)

The TRS R consists of the following rules:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

Q is empty.
We have to consider all minimal (P,Q,R)-chains.

(29) QDPOrderProof (EQUIVALENT transformation)

We use the reduction pair processor [LPAR04].

The following pairs can be oriented strictly and are deleted.

U11¹(X1, mark(X2)) → U11¹(X1, X2)
U11¹(X1, active(X2)) → U11¹(X1, X2)

The remaining pairs can at least be oriented weakly.
Used ordering: Combined order from the following AFS and order.
U11¹(x1, x2) = U11¹(x2)
mark(x1) = mark(x1)
active(x1) = active(x1)
zeros = zeros
cons(x1, x2) = x2
0 = 0
U11(x1, x2) = U11
tt = tt
U12(x1, x2) = U12
s(x1) = s
length(x1) = length
nil = nil

Lexicographic path order with status [LPO].
Quasi-Precedence:

zeros > [mark₁, active₁, s] > 0
tt > length > [U11, U12] > [mark₁, active₁, s] > 0
nil > [mark₁, active₁, s] > 0

Status:

U11^1₁: [1]
mark₁: [1]
active₁: [1]
zeros: []
0: []
U11: []
tt: []
U12: []
s: []
length: []
nil: []

The following usable rules [FROCOS05] were oriented:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

(30) Obligation:

Q DP problem:
P is empty.
The TRS R consists of the following rules:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

Q is empty.
We have to consider all minimal (P,Q,R)-chains.

(31) PisEmptyProof (EQUIVALENT transformation)

The TRS P is empty. Hence, there is no (P,Q,R) chain.

(32) TRUE

(33) Obligation:

Q DP problem:
The TRS P consists of the following rules:

CONS(X1, mark(X2)) → CONS(X1, X2)
CONS(mark(X1), X2) → CONS(X1, X2)
CONS(active(X1), X2) → CONS(X1, X2)
CONS(X1, active(X2)) → CONS(X1, X2)

The TRS R consists of the following rules:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

Q is empty.
We have to consider all minimal (P,Q,R)-chains.

(34) QDPOrderProof (EQUIVALENT transformation)

We use the reduction pair processor [LPAR04].

The following pairs can be oriented strictly and are deleted.

CONS(mark(X1), X2) → CONS(X1, X2)
CONS(active(X1), X2) → CONS(X1, X2)

The remaining pairs can at least be oriented weakly.
Used ordering: Combined order from the following AFS and order.
CONS(x1, x2) = CONS(x1)
mark(x1) = mark(x1)
active(x1) = active(x1)
zeros = zeros
cons(x1, x2) = cons
0 = 0
U11(x1, x2) = U11
tt = tt
U12(x1, x2) = U12
s(x1) = s
length(x1) = length
nil = nil

Lexicographic path order with status [LPO].
Quasi-Precedence:

CONS₁ > [U11, tt, U12, s]
zeros > [mark₁, active₁] > cons > [U11, tt, U12, s]
zeros > [mark₁, active₁] > [0, length] > [U11, tt, U12, s]
nil > [mark₁, active₁] > cons > [U11, tt, U12, s]
nil > [mark₁, active₁] > [0, length] > [U11, tt, U12, s]

Status:

CONS₁: [1]
mark₁: [1]
active₁: [1]
zeros: []
cons: []
0: []
U11: []
tt: []
U12: []
s: []
length: []
nil: []

The following usable rules [FROCOS05] were oriented:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

(35) Obligation:

Q DP problem:
The TRS P consists of the following rules:

CONS(X1, mark(X2)) → CONS(X1, X2)
CONS(X1, active(X2)) → CONS(X1, X2)

The TRS R consists of the following rules:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

Q is empty.
We have to consider all minimal (P,Q,R)-chains.

(36) QDPOrderProof (EQUIVALENT transformation)

We use the reduction pair processor [LPAR04].

The following pairs can be oriented strictly and are deleted.

CONS(X1, mark(X2)) → CONS(X1, X2)
CONS(X1, active(X2)) → CONS(X1, X2)

The remaining pairs can at least be oriented weakly.
Used ordering: Combined order from the following AFS and order.
CONS(x1, x2) = CONS(x2)
mark(x1) = mark(x1)
active(x1) = active(x1)
zeros = zeros
cons(x1, x2) = x2
0 = 0
U11(x1, x2) = U11
tt = tt
U12(x1, x2) = U12
s(x1) = s
length(x1) = length
nil = nil

Lexicographic path order with status [LPO].
Quasi-Precedence:

zeros > [mark₁, active₁, s] > 0
tt > length > [U11, U12] > [mark₁, active₁, s] > 0
nil > [mark₁, active₁, s] > 0

Status:

CONS₁: [1]
mark₁: [1]
active₁: [1]
zeros: []
0: []
U11: []
tt: []
U12: []
s: []
length: []
nil: []

The following usable rules [FROCOS05] were oriented:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

(37) Obligation:

Q DP problem:
P is empty.
The TRS R consists of the following rules:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

Q is empty.
We have to consider all minimal (P,Q,R)-chains.

(38) PisEmptyProof (EQUIVALENT transformation)

The TRS P is empty. Hence, there is no (P,Q,R) chain.

(39) TRUE

(40) Obligation:

Q DP problem:
The TRS P consists of the following rules:

MARK(cons(X1, X2)) → ACTIVE(cons(mark(X1), X2))
ACTIVE(U11(tt, L)) → MARK(U12(tt, L))
MARK(cons(X1, X2)) → MARK(X1)
MARK(zeros) → ACTIVE(zeros)
ACTIVE(zeros) → MARK(cons(0, zeros))
MARK(U11(X1, X2)) → ACTIVE(U11(mark(X1), X2))
ACTIVE(U12(tt, L)) → MARK(s(length(L)))
MARK(U11(X1, X2)) → MARK(X1)
MARK(U12(X1, X2)) → ACTIVE(U12(mark(X1), X2))
ACTIVE(length(cons(N, L))) → MARK(U11(tt, L))
MARK(U12(X1, X2)) → MARK(X1)
MARK(s(X)) → ACTIVE(s(mark(X)))
MARK(s(X)) → MARK(X)
MARK(length(X)) → ACTIVE(length(mark(X)))
MARK(length(X)) → MARK(X)

The TRS R consists of the following rules:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

Q is empty.
We have to consider all minimal (P,Q,R)-chains.

(41) QDPOrderProof (EQUIVALENT transformation)

We use the reduction pair processor [LPAR04].

The following pairs can be oriented strictly and are deleted.

MARK(cons(X1, X2)) → ACTIVE(cons(mark(X1), X2))

The remaining pairs can at least be oriented weakly.
Used ordering: Combined order from the following AFS and order.
MARK(x1) = MARK
cons(x1, x2) = cons
ACTIVE(x1) = x1
mark(x1) = mark
U11(x1, x2) = U11
tt = tt
U12(x1, x2) = U12
zeros = zeros
0 = 0
s(x1) = s
length(x1) = length
active(x1) = x1
nil = nil

Lexicographic path order with status [LPO].
Quasi-Precedence:

[MARK, mark, U11, U12, zeros, 0, s, length] > cons
[MARK, mark, U11, U12, zeros, 0, s, length] > tt
[MARK, mark, U11, U12, zeros, 0, s, length] > nil

Status:

MARK: []
cons: []
mark: []
U11: []
tt: []
U12: []
zeros: []
0: []
s: []
length: []
nil: []

The following usable rules [FROCOS05] were oriented:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

(42) Obligation:

Q DP problem:
The TRS P consists of the following rules:

ACTIVE(U11(tt, L)) → MARK(U12(tt, L))
MARK(cons(X1, X2)) → MARK(X1)
MARK(zeros) → ACTIVE(zeros)
ACTIVE(zeros) → MARK(cons(0, zeros))
MARK(U11(X1, X2)) → ACTIVE(U11(mark(X1), X2))
ACTIVE(U12(tt, L)) → MARK(s(length(L)))
MARK(U11(X1, X2)) → MARK(X1)
MARK(U12(X1, X2)) → ACTIVE(U12(mark(X1), X2))
ACTIVE(length(cons(N, L))) → MARK(U11(tt, L))
MARK(U12(X1, X2)) → MARK(X1)
MARK(s(X)) → ACTIVE(s(mark(X)))
MARK(s(X)) → MARK(X)
MARK(length(X)) → ACTIVE(length(mark(X)))
MARK(length(X)) → MARK(X)

The TRS R consists of the following rules:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

Q is empty.
We have to consider all minimal (P,Q,R)-chains.

(43) QDPOrderProof (EQUIVALENT transformation)

We use the reduction pair processor [LPAR04].

The following pairs can be oriented strictly and are deleted.

MARK(s(X)) → ACTIVE(s(mark(X)))

The remaining pairs can at least be oriented weakly.
Used ordering: Combined order from the following AFS and order.
ACTIVE(x1) = x1
U11(x1, x2) = U11
tt = tt
MARK(x1) = MARK
U12(x1, x2) = U12
cons(x1, x2) = cons
zeros = zeros
0 = 0
mark(x1) = x1
s(x1) = s
length(x1) = length
active(x1) = x1
nil = nil

Lexicographic path order with status [LPO].
Quasi-Precedence:

[U11, MARK, U12, cons, zeros, 0, length] > tt > s

Status:

U11: []
tt: []
MARK: []
U12: []
cons: []
zeros: []
0: []
s: []
length: []
nil: []

The following usable rules [FROCOS05] were oriented:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

(44) Obligation:

Q DP problem:
The TRS P consists of the following rules:

ACTIVE(U11(tt, L)) → MARK(U12(tt, L))
MARK(cons(X1, X2)) → MARK(X1)
MARK(zeros) → ACTIVE(zeros)
ACTIVE(zeros) → MARK(cons(0, zeros))
MARK(U11(X1, X2)) → ACTIVE(U11(mark(X1), X2))
ACTIVE(U12(tt, L)) → MARK(s(length(L)))
MARK(U11(X1, X2)) → MARK(X1)
MARK(U12(X1, X2)) → ACTIVE(U12(mark(X1), X2))
ACTIVE(length(cons(N, L))) → MARK(U11(tt, L))
MARK(U12(X1, X2)) → MARK(X1)
MARK(s(X)) → MARK(X)
MARK(length(X)) → ACTIVE(length(mark(X)))
MARK(length(X)) → MARK(X)

The TRS R consists of the following rules:

active(zeros) → mark(cons(0, zeros))
active(U11(tt, L)) → mark(U12(tt, L))
active(U12(tt, L)) → mark(s(length(L)))
active(length(nil)) → mark(0)
active(length(cons(N, L))) → mark(U11(tt, L))
mark(zeros) → active(zeros)
mark(cons(X1, X2)) → active(cons(mark(X1), X2))
mark(0) → active(0)
mark(U11(X1, X2)) → active(U11(mark(X1), X2))
mark(tt) → active(tt)
mark(U12(X1, X2)) → active(U12(mark(X1), X2))
mark(s(X)) → active(s(mark(X)))
mark(length(X)) → active(length(mark(X)))
mark(nil) → active(nil)
cons(mark(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, mark(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(active(X1), X2) → cons(X1, X2)
cons(X1, active(X2)) → cons(X1, X2)
U11(mark(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, mark(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(active(X1), X2) → U11(X1, X2)
U11(X1, active(X2)) → U11(X1, X2)
U12(mark(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, mark(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(active(X1), X2) → U12(X1, X2)
U12(X1, active(X2)) → U12(X1, X2)
s(mark(X)) → s(X)
s(active(X)) → s(X)
length(mark(X)) → length(X)
length(active(X)) → length(X)

Q is empty.
We have to consider all minimal (P,Q,R)-chains.